| Unit 10 By the time I got outside, the bus had already left. Section A |
主编：黄冈中学英语集体备课组
Step 1 The introduction to the text
Have you ever been late for class because of oversleeping？Have you ever left your schoolbag at home？ Both of Tina’s answers are “yes”. Tina once had a terrible morning. First, she got up late. Then she missed the bus. She had to run to school in a hurry. She was so careless that she left her schoolbag at home. Unluckily, her keys were in the schoolbag, so she couldn’t fetch the schoolbag from the house. What’s worse, the class had begun when she went into the classroom. She had no homework and no textbook in class. From Tina’s story, we can learn that we should get up early or on time every day.
Step 2 Language points
I．Key words
1．rush v. 冲；奔；抢着做某事
rush towards /to the classroom
rush into the room
All the people are rushing out of the burning building.
Many people rushed to buy salt in the supermarket this morning.
拓展：
rush hour 交通高峰时期
morning/evening rush hour
Don’t travel at rush hour.
2．lock
（1）v. 锁；锁上
Don’t forget to lock the door before you leave.
The old woman locked her money in the safe.
The car isn’t locked.
（2）n. 锁
bicycle lock, car lock
He put the key in the lock.
3．close
（1）v. 关上；闭上；合拢；（商店等）关门，停止营业
Close the window/door, please.
He is listening to music with eyes closed.
He closed the knife carefully.
The bank closes at 5：00 pm every day.
拓展：以上例句中的close都可以换成shut。
（2）adj. （位置）近的；（关系）亲密的
His home is close to our school.
Jim is one of my close friends.
（3）adv. 接近地；靠近地
Please come closer to your mom, Jim.
He came close to success.
They came close to missing the plane.
注意：come close to sth./doing sth. 差点做了某事
Ⅱ key phrases
1．by the time 到……的时候；到……之前
By the time I go to bed, I will finish my homework.
(可以换成before)
By the time she got to the airport, the plane had taken off.
(可以换成when)
注意：如果by the time引导的从句用一般过去时，那么主句常用过去完成时。
2．on time 按时
Every day my father gets home on time.
You are supposed to hand in your homework on time.
链接：由time构成的短语还有
in time 及时 from time to time 时不时
all the time 一直 at the same time 同时，然而
Jim goes to visit his grandparents from time to time on weekends.
3．come by 经过……的旁边；从旁边路过
Did you notice a red car come by？
He came by me without saying hello.
On the way to school I came by a post office and bought some stamps.
拓展：表示路过的短语还有walk by, pass by
When I passed by Michael’s room, I saw him playing the piano.
4．break down v. （机器）停止运转、抛锚；（人身体）出毛病
On the way to work, Mr. Li’s car broke down.
The scientist broke down because of two months’ hard work.
5．make it 及时赶到；设法安排；取得成功
He made it to the airport before the plane took off.
—When shall we meet？
—Let’s make it half past nine.
He is confident that he will make it in the speech contest.
6．get dressed 穿衣服
表示穿衣服的词或者短语有：put on, dress, wear, in
他们的区别是：
（1）put on强调动作，意思是“穿上；戴上”。
Please put on more clothes/your sunglasses.
（2）dress表示动作，它只能接人作宾语。
She dresses her daughter every morning.
（3）in表示状态，后面可以接表示颜色或者服饰的词或者短语。
She is in red/ a red skirt/sunglasses.
（4）wear表示状态，后面可以接表示服饰的词或者短语，但是不能接表表示颜色的词或者短语。
Jim is wearing a dress/a watch/a hat.
拓展：be dressed in意思是“穿着”，表示状态。后面可以接颜色或者服饰。
At the party Mrs. Wang was dressed in white/a white coat.
7．all the way （一路上）一直
My dad drove all the way from Wuhan to Shanghai.
They talked and laughed happily all the way.
Ⅲ key sentences
No wonder you look stressed out.
难怪你看起来很紧张。
Q：句中no wonder引导什么从句？
A：引导的是主语从句。句首省略了It is，这种主语从句的结构是：It is +名词+从句（that-/which-）
It is a mystery to us where the noise came from.
It is a pity that you can’t watch the exciting match with us.
It is no surprise that English people usually take an umbrella.
Ⅳ Grammar过去完成时态 the past perfect tense （Ⅰ）
一、含义：表示在过去某一动作或某一时间之前已经发生或完成了的动作或状态。它表示句子中描述的动作发生在“过去的过去”，句中一定有一个过去的时间或者动作与它进行比较。
二、谓语构成：had+过去分词(done)
三、当过去完成时态表示在某一动作之前已经发生或完成的动作时，常用在下面的从句中。
（1）用在when/before/after/by the time引导的时间状语从句中。如果后发生的动作用一般过去时，那么先发生的动作要用过去完成时。如：
After he had finished his homework, he went to bed.
When I turned on the TV, the football match had begun.
注意：在before, after引导的时间状语从句中，主、从句也可以都用一般过去时。如：
Before he left the room, he turned off the light.
（2）用在宾语从句中。当宾语从句的主句为一般过去时，且从句的动作先于主句的动作时，从句要用过去完成时。主句的谓语动词通常是told, said, knew, heard, realized等。如：
She said that she had seen the film before.
Helen told me that she had left her homework at home.
I heard Mike had gone to the USA.
Step 3 Consolidation（真题演练）
1．（荆门）Just before the English class, I suddenly realized that I _______my English textbook at home.
A．forgot B．had forgotten
C．left D．had left
答案：D
2．—（黄冈）Why are you walking to school？
—Because the bus broke down on the way.
A．stopped to work B．ran slowly
C．didn’t work D．slowed down
答案：C
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