| Unit 1 How do you study for a test? Section B & Reading |
主编：黄冈中学英语集体备课组
Step 1 The introduction
English learners can get a lot of help from Section B. In Section B, many helpful learning methods are introduced. As for listening, we can listen to English tapes or watch English language TV programs or movies. If you don’t know how to improve speaking skills, you can join an English club or take part in the English corner to practice speaking English. Writing new words in a notebook and studying them whenever you are is a good way to memorize new words. Do you have trouble understanding new words while reading? You had better guess their meanings first, then look up the important or difficult words in the dictionary. You can have a pen pal in English-speaking countries or keep a diary in English to improve your writing skills. In the world, everyone has study problems or work problems or life problems. No matter how hard the problem is, we should have a positive attitude to it. Never give up.
Step 2 Language points
I Key words
1．fast
（1）adv. 快地；迅速地
He ran so fast that nobody could catch up with him.
（2）adj.快的；高速的；（钟表）走得快
I will take a fast train to Guangzhou tomorrow.
My watch is often five minutes fast, so I want to buy a new one.
2．mistake n. 错误
There are some spelling mistakes in your composition.
拓展：由mistake 构成的短语有：
make mistakes 犯错误
by mistake 弄错
Some students often make mistakes in grammar.
I took Jane’s umbrella by mistake when I left the classroom.
3．afraid adj. 害怕的
Don’t be afraid, Sam. We will be there with you forever.
拓展：be afraid通常用于下列结构中：
（1）be afraid of sth./sb. 害怕某物（人）
I am afraid of snakes.
Our head teacher is so kind that we aren’t afraid of him.
（2）be afraid of doing sth. 害怕做某事
She is afraid of staying at home alone at night.
（3）be afraid to do sth. 不敢做某事
The boy is afraid to answer teachers’ questions in class.
（4）be afraid+从句
I am afraid that Maria can’t come to our party tonight.
4．complete adj. 完整的；完全的
the complete works of Lu Xun
This morning a complete stranger came to visit my father.
拓展：complete还可以作动词，意思是“完成”。相当于finish。
The building was completed last year.
5．secret n. 秘密；秘诀
The person under this star sign can keep secrets.
The book introduces many secrets of success.
6．trouble n. 麻烦；困难；苦恼
His son often makes trouble.
I am sorry for giving you so much trouble.
They are ready to help people in trouble.
拓展：have trouble (in) doing 做某事时有困难
I have trouble solving the problem alone.
以上用法中的trouble可以替换成problem, difficulty。
7．unless conj. 除非；如果不。引导条件状语从句。
Unless you do sports for an hour every day, you won’t lose weight successfully.
拓展：
（1）在unless引导的条件状语从句中，如果主句是一般将来时或者是表示将来意义的动作，那么从句就该用一般现在时态代替一般将来时。
（2）unless = if…not，上句替换为：
If you don’t do sports for an hour every day, you won’t lose weight successfully.
8．influence v. 影响
Weather can influence my moods.
The article influences what we think of the USA.
拓展：influence n. 影响，常用于have a/an…influence on 的结构中。
The computer has a huge influence on our lives.
9．lose v. 失去；丧失
lose one’s job lose weight lose one’s way get lost
People living near the airport lose their hearings easily.
10．face v. 面对；面临
The soldiers faced the enemies without any fear.
We faced a lot of difficulties when solving the problem.
拓展：face还可以表示“面向；面朝”。
My house faces to the south.
链接：face n. 面部；脸
face to face 面对面
Ⅱ key phrases
1．later on 随后；以后
Later on, the rain stopped and the sun came out.
You will find the middle school life pleasant later on.
拓展：英语中表示动作先后的表达有很多。如:
（1）首先；一开始at first/ first of all/ to begin with/ in the beginning
（2）接下来；随后next, then, after that, later on
（3）最后at last, last, finally, in the end
2．laugh at 嘲笑；取笑
You shouldn’t laugh at others, because you will make the same mistake, too.
Don’t be nervous, Kangkang. Nobody will laugh at you.
3．look up （在词典、参考书、时刻表中）查阅
When you are reading newspapers, it isn’t necessary to look up all the new words in the dictionary.
Where can I look up Eric’s telephone number?
注：up是副词，代词it或者them作宾语，只能放在它的前面，而名词作宾语可以放在它的前面或者后面。look it/them up, look up the word=look the word up
链接：我们所学过的由look构成的词组有很多。如：
look like, look at, look after, look for, look up, look down, look out (of)
4．make up 编造；组成；化妆
make up a story
make up an excuse
make up a conversation
Water makes up the largest part of the human body.
Every morning she spends twenty minutes making herself up.
5．deal with 处理；应付
Could you tell us how your factory dealt with waste water?
拓展：deal with的同义词组是do with。
You must deal with these problems next week. (可以换成do with)
How does your sister deal with so much homework?
此句中deal with不可以换成do with，因为do with和what连用。
6．regard…as 把……看作（认为，视为），as后面可接名词或者形容词。
I regard the pet dog as one of my family members.
We regard environmental problems in China as serious.
Ⅲ key sentences
I realized that it doesn’t matter if you don’t understand every word.
我意识到你如果有些词没有听懂也不要紧。
结构分析：本句是realize引导的一个宾语从句。在宾语从句中有含有if引导的一个条件状语从句。
难点分析：
（1）为什么宾语从句中的主句是一般过去式，而从句仍然是一般现在时态呢？
因为从句表示的是一个客观事实，所以时态不受主句的影响。
The teacher told us Hainan is the second largest island in China.
(2) 为什么don’t understand every word 不译成“不懂每一个单词”呢？
因为not与every, both, all, every-等一起构成的是部分否定。
Not every student in our class is good at English.(Some students are good at English, and some are not.)
Not both buses can take you to the supermarket.
Not all the things on the Internet are good for us.
Step 3 Consolidation（真题演练）
1．（杭州）We’ll visit Expo 2010 Shanghai this Sunday ________ it rains or it’s very hot.
A. since B. if
C. unless D. until
答案：C
2．（上海）—________ is it from here to the railway station?
—About ten kilometers.
A. How far B. How fast
C. How soon D. How often
答案：A
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