| Unit 11 Could you please tell me where the restrooms are？ Self-check & Reading |
主编：黄冈中学英语集体备课组
Step 1 The introduction to the text
When we are in a new place, it’s normal for us to ask others for help. If you want to borrow your neighbor’s car, can you say, “Lend me your car.”? Of course not. Your neighbor will be unhappy because a direct order like this sounds impolite. In order not to offend others, you’d better say “Could you please lend me your car?” or “Excuse me, may/can I borrow your car?” or “Excuse me, I wonder if I can use your car.” The three questions which include extra languages are more polite. So it’s important for us to learn not only grammar but also language etiquette.
Step 2 Language points
I．Key words
1．lend v. 借，常和介词to连用。
My uncle often lends his car to me.
注意：它的过去式和过去分词分别是lent，lent。
拓展：borrow/lend/keep表示“借”时，有什么区别呢？看看下面的两个对话吧！
—Can I borrow your bike？
—Sure. You can keep it for two days. But you can’t lend it to others.
（1）borrow表示主语把某物从别人那里借来，常和from连用。
（2）lend表示主语把某物借给别人。
（3）keep可以接时间段，表示借来后保留多久。
2．alone adj.& adv. 单独的；独自的；只有，仅仅
I am alone at home today.
The old man lives alone in the town.
She is too young to finish the task alone.
We can’t eat meat alone.
Jim alone keeps running in the morning.
Mr. Li had a talk with her alone.
拓展：
（1）alone意思是“仅仅、只有”时，常放在名词或代词后。
（2）on one’s own/by oneself也可以表示“单独、独自”。
Did you spend the weekend by yourself？
Helen can solve the problem on her own.
3．direct
（1）adj.（路程）笔直的；直接的（后果）；（行为、态度）直率的
Is there a direct flight/train to Paris？
What is the direct result of the accident？
The actor didn’t give direct answers to the questions.
（2）adv. 中间不停地；径直地
She will fly direct to Taiwan from Beijing.
拓展：
（1）directly adv. 当它的意思是“笔直地”时，可以和direct互换。
（2）directly还可以表示“直接地；坦率地”。
The earthquake didn't affect Chinese people.
Jim refused the invitation to the party directly.
4．wonder v. 觉得奇怪；想知道
I wonder how to go shopping on the Internet.
She wondered where they would spend the vacation.
We wondered if Mr. Li had gone to Japan.
链接：
（1）wonderful adj. 神奇的；精彩的
have a wonderful time
（2）wonder n. 神奇的人或者事
seven wonders
It is a (no) wonder that Mr. Li looks unhappy today.
5．order
（1）n. 命令；订购；顺序
Soldiers must obey orders in the army.
Can I take your order please？
Computers can be used to place orders.
Please put these pictures in the right order.
（2）命令、指示；订购
The boss ordered workers to work 10 hours a day.
Mr. Li orders that our class will clean up the park today.
She often orders her lunch from the restaurant.
拓展：order和book都可以表示“预订”。用法区别是什么？
（1）order常表示预订货物或者吃的食物。
（2）book表示预订票、座位或者房间。
book train tickets/seats on teh plane/a double room
6．lead v. 带领；通往；引导。过去式和过去分词是led, led。
The tour guide led us into the history museum.
All roads lead to Rome.
What led the old men to believe the hoax？
7．trouble
（1）n. 麻烦；困难
make trouble, cause trouble, get into trouble, be in trouble
I am sorry for giving you so much trouble.
（2）v. 麻烦；打扰；使烦恼
His son’s job troubles him at present.
I am sorry to trouble you with/about a small problem.
Can I trouble you to fetch me a map？
Ⅱ．key phrases
1．both... and... 两者都，连接两个对等的部分（主语、谓语、宾语、状语等）。
Both Helen and I are good at English.
You can both surf and play beach volleyball here.
He likes both comedies and thrillers.
I watch ball games both on TV and on the Internet.
链接：both...and和not only...but also的区别是什么呢？
（1）当both...and连接两个主语时，谓语用复数。而not only...but also连接两个主语时，谓语动词的形式按照就近一致的原则来确定。所以例1可以换成：
Not only Helen but also I am good at English.
（2）both...and不能连接句子。
2．make requests 要求，请求
While making requests we should be polite.
They made requests for further help.
3．hand in 上交
You’d better hand in homework on time every day.
The boy handed in the money to the police.
链接：hand out 分发
hand out posters
Ⅲ．key sentences
Your question will sound much more polite.
你的问题听起来将会更有礼貌。
Q：
（1）句中的polite能否换成politely？
（2）much能否换成very？
A：（1）不能。因为句中的sound 意思是“听起来”，是系动词。后面不能接副词politely而要接形容词polite作表语。目前我们所学的系动词还有：smell, look, feel, taste, get, become, turn, seem, keep, stay。系动词后面可以接形容词、名词或者相当于名词或者形容词的短语。
The cake tastes nice and looks good.
All the leaves turn yellow in autumn.
Jim seems unhappy this morning.
What should we do to keep healthy？
（2）much不能换成very。因为句中的much 是用来修饰polite的比较级。可以修饰形容词或者副词比较级的词或短语有：even, still, much, far, rather, a little, a lot.
Yesterday was cold. Today is even colder.
He is feeling a little better now.
Ⅳ．Grammar宾语从句（Ⅱ）
一．宾语从句连接词
（一）由whether, if 引导的宾语从句
由whether（if）引导的宾语从句，实际上是一般疑问句演变而来的。意思是“是否”。
I wonder whether（if） they will come to our party.
一般说来，在宾语从句中whether与if可以互换使用，但是在下面两种情况下常用whether。
1．在介词的后面
He’s thinking about whether he will go to the USA for vacation.
2．与or not直接连用时
I can’t say whether or not Maria can arrive here on time.
（二）疑问代词和疑问副词引导的宾语从句
这种结构的宾语从句实际上是由特殊疑问句变化而来。连接代词有：who, whom, whose, which, what。连接副词有：when, where, why, how。我们可以根据下文的答语来确定该用哪个连接词。 看看下面的句子是否正确。
1．—Can you tell me who he is？
—He is a doctor. （重庆D选项）
2．—I wonder how long you’ll water this kind of tree.
—Once a week.（苏州B选项）
二．宾语从句的时态
（一）主句是一般现在时，从句根据实际情况使用任何时态。
I hope you have a good time.
（二）主句是过去时态，从句须用过去时态的某种形式。
She was sorry that she hadn’t finished her work on time.
（三）当宾语从句表示的是一个客观真理或者事实时，即使主句是过去时，从句也用一般现在时态。
The teacher told us that Taiwan is the largest island in China.
Step 3 Consolidation（真题演练）
1．—（襄樊）Will Liu Ying come to school today？
—I don’t know. But I also want to know _________________.
A．that she will come to school today
B．whether will she come to school today
C．how will she come to school today
D．if she will come to school today
答案：D
2．（盐城）He ___________his umbrella to me yesterday, so I didn’t get wet.
A．borrowed B．kept
C．lent D．bought
答案：C
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