阅读理解：根据短文内容，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选择最佳选项。（北京卷）
When you cough or sneeze, you'd better turn your head away from others and cover your mouth with the full part of your hand. And then, you should say, “Excuse me.”
This seems so simple, but it is surprising how many kids have never been told to do this. Actually, I notice adults all the time who cough and sneeze in public without placing a hand over the mouth. One important thing I point out to the kids is that after they sneeze or cough on their hands, they should wash their hands as soon as possible. If not, they will be passing those germs (细菌) along to everything and everyone they touch.
If you come to a door and someone is following you, hold the door. If the door opens by pulling, pull it open, stand to the side, and allow the other person to pass through first, then you can walk through. If the door opens by pushing, hold the door after you pass through.
After a few weeks of seeing kids try to get through doors in the school and watching them enter restaurants as the door hit other people, I knew I had to discuss the problem with my students. Teaching them small acts of kindness, such as letting someone else go through a door first as they hold it open, may seem unimportant, but it can go along way toward helping students realize hot to be polite and thank others. Once they've been told, they're halfway there.
When we have to go up moving stairs, we will stand to the right. That will give others who are in a hurry a choice of walking up the left-hand side of the moving stairs. When we are going to enter a lift, the underground, or a doorway, we will wait for others to exit before we enter.
After college when I moved to London, I was surprised at how polite everyone was in the subways. I was even more touched when I traveled to Japan. In both places, people made efforts to make way for others. On moving stairs, everyone stood to the right and walked to the left. On lifts, everyone would stand over to the side and allow others to exit before they would begin to enter.
51．When you cough or sneeze, you should ________.
A．touch everything B．cover your mouth
C．point out to the kids D．pass the germs to others
52．If you come to a door and someone is following you, you'd better _______.
A．hold the door B．pass through
C．close the door D．stand to the side
53．From the passage we can know the writer is a ________.
A．doctor B．traveler
C．parent D．teacher
54．The passage is mainly about ______.
A．the rules of behavior in public
B．the easy of communication
C．the acts of kindness among people
D．the knowledge of social life
文章大意：
本文是一篇说明文，向我们介绍了一些公共场所的礼节。这些看似很普遍的问题，通过和其他国家的比较，值得我们深思。仔细阅读本文，你会有很大的收获。
答案及解析：
51．B 考查细节理解。根据短文第一段cover your mouth with the full part of your hand可知答案。
52．A 考查细节判断。根据短文第三段中hold the door可知答案是A。
53．D 考查理解判断。根据短文第四段内容…with my students判断，作者是一名教师。
54．A 考查阅读理解。A选项的意思是“公共场所的行为准则”；B项是“交流的方法”；C项是“人们的友善行为”；D项是“社会生活知识”。通过短文判断，A项选项正确。
