| Unit 1 Art（2） |
主编：黄冈中学英语集体备课组
Warming up and Reading
Do you know something
about Chinese paintings
and their meanings？
Do you know what the painting
expresses or represents？
King of the wild animals, the tiger is a symbol of courage and bravery and it can drive off demons demon(恶魔).
The favourite tree of Chinese painters, the pine symbolizes longevity (长寿) and steadfastness (坚定, 稳当).
The five petals(花瓣)of the plum flower symbolize the five gods of good luck. The plum tree, pine, and bamboo are the “Three Friends in Winter”
Always green in colour, bamboo is a symbol of old age and modesty(谦逊；端庄). Bamboo and plums(李)together represent man and wife. Bamboo（白板上此处有误）, pine trees, and plums commonly seen together in a painting are the “Three Friends in Winter”.
Symbol of longevity(长寿) and often shown together with a pine-tree and a stone, two other symbols of longevity.
The lotus is the symbol of purity and one of the eight Buddhist(佛教的)precious (珍贵的) things. The lotus comes out of the mire(泥潭)but is not itself soiled(弄脏了的). The words for lotus in Chinese have the same meanings as: to bind(捆), connect (in marriage), one after the other, uninterrupted(不停的, 连续的), to love, and modesty(谦逊；端庄).
symbolizes autumn. Its Chinese name sound similar to the words “remain, nine, and long time”. It is best to pick Chrysanthemum on the 9th day of the 9th month.
Fish in Chinese sounds like the word for “Abundance (丰富,充裕)and Affluence (富裕)” so the fish symbolizes wealth. Fish shown with a lotus(莲) blossom symbolizes “Year after year may you live in affluence.
Do you know something about western paintings？
Task 1
Skim the whole passage and tell me the main idea of the passage.
The styles of western paintings have change a lot with time going by.
Task 2 Careful reading
Read again and then complete the following chart.
Questions:
Why has the style of Western art changed more often than Chinese art？
Art is influenced by beliefs, values of the people and the way of life. For example, during the Middle Ages, the main aim of painters was to represent religious themes because of the people's respect and love for God. But in the Renaissance, people became focused more on humans and less on religion. In Europe in the late 19th century many new inventions were created and society changed greatly, so painting styles were different from the traditional style. But China has lived the similar way of life for a very long time, so Chinese art has changed less often.
Reading
A SHORT HISTORY OF WESTERN PAINTING
Art is influenced by the customs and faith of a people. Styles in Western art have changed many times. As there are so many different styles of Western art, it would be impossible to describe all of them in such a short text. Consequently, this text will describe only the most important ones, starting from the sixth century AD.
The Middle Ages (5th to the 15th century AD)
During the Middle Ages, the main aim of painters was to represent religious themes. A conventional artist of this period was not interested in showing nature and people as they really were. A typical picture at this time was full of religious symbols, which created a feeling of respect and love for God. But it was evident that ideas were changing in the 13th century when painters like Giotto di Bondone began to paint religious scenes in a more realistic way.
The Renaissance (15th to 16th century)
During the Renaissance, new ideas and values gradually replaced those held In the Middle Ages. People began to concentrate less on religious themes and adopt a more humanistic attitude to life. At the same time painters returned to classical Roman and Greek ideas about art. They tried to paint people and nature as they really were. Rich people wanted to possess their own paintings, so they could decorate their superb palaces and great houses. They paid famous artists to paint pictures of themselves, their houses and possessions as well as their activities and achievements.
One of the most important discoveries during this period was how to draw things in perspective. This technique was first used by Masaccio in 1428. When people first saw his paintings, they were convinced that they were looking through a hole in a wall at a real scene. If the rules of perspective had not been discovered, no one would have been able to paint such realistic pictures. By coincidence, oil paints were also developed at this time, which made the colours used in paintings look richer and deeper. Without the new paints and the new technique, we would not be able to see the many great masterpieces for which this period is famous.
Impressionism (late 19th to early 20th century)
In the late 19th century, Europe changed a great deal, from a mostly agricultural society to a mostly industrial one. Many people moved from the countryside to the new cities. There were many new inventions and social changes.(白板上此处标点有误) Naturally, these changes also led to new painting styles. Among the painters who broke away from the traditional style of painting were the Impressionists, who lived and worked in Paris.
The Impressionists were the first painters to work outdoors. They were eager to show how light and shadow fell on objects at different times of day. However, because natural light changes so quickly, the Impressionists had to paint quickly. Their paintings were not as detailed as those of earlier painters. At first, many people disliked this style of painting and became very angry about it. They said that the painters were careless and their paintings were ridiculous.
Modern Art (20th century to today)
At the time they were created, the Impressionist paintings were controversial, but today they are accepted as the beginning of what we call “modern art”. This is because the Impressionists encouraged artists to look at their environment in new ways. There are scores of modern art styles, but without the Impressionists, many of these painting styles might not exist. On the one hand, some modern art is abstract; that is, the painter does not attempt to paint objects as we see them with our eyes, but instead concentrates on certain qualities of the object, using colour, line and shape to represent them. On the other hand, some paintings of modern art are so realistic that they look like photographs. These styles are so different. Who can predict what painting styles there will be in the future？
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