| Unit 1 Art（3） |
主编：黄冈中学英语集体备课组
Subjunctive Mood
一、语气的分类
陈述语气
I went to the theatre yesterday.
Jack hadn’t come back home yet.
祈使语气
Let’s go.
Don’t touch anything on the table until the bell rings.
虚拟语气
If I were you, I would not leave her alone.
Our teacher suggested that we go to the library this afternoon.
条件句表示主句的条件，分真实条件句和虚拟条件句两种。
a. 真实条件句 表示条件是真的或有可能实现的, 采用陈述语气。
b. 虚拟条件句 表示条件是无法实现或几乎无法实现的, 采用虚拟语气。
二、‘if ’虚拟条件句的概念
由 ‘if’ 引导的虚拟条件句叫作 ‘if’虚拟条件句
If I had seen him before, I would have recognised him yesterday.
其他虚拟条件句
Without your help, I couldn’t have finished my work on time.
三、if Sentence Structure ‘if ’虚拟条件句的结构
（一）表示与现在事实相反 的假设
（二）表示与过去事实相反 的假设
（三）表示与将来事实相反 的假设
虚拟语气
1. 虚拟语气用于条件状语从句中
(1) 表示与现在事实相反的假设, 条件状语从句中的谓语动词用“过去式(be动词的过去式用were)”, 而主句中的谓语动词“would/should/could / might + 动词原形”。
If I were a boy, I would join the army.
What would you do if you won the lottery？
If I won the lottery, I would…
If I won the lottery, I would buy an expensive car.
If I had a lot of money
I would buy a villa.
If I had a lot of money now,
I would travel around the world.
If it were fine now, I would go shopping.
What would you do？
PRACTICE 1: Fill in the blanks.
a. If they ____ (be) here, they __________ (take) your advice.
b. If the world-war _____ (burst) out again, what _____________ (happen) to our people on earth？
c. If the policeman ________ (be not) in that room, it ________ (be) very dangerous.
d. If I ____ (be) in your position, I _________ (ask) for teacher’s help.
答案：
were，would take，burst，would happen，were not，could be，were，would ask
2. 与过去的事实相反
从句的谓语用had＋过去分词, 构成If I (we, you, he, they)＋had＋过去分词的形式；
主句的谓语用should(第一人称)/would (第二、三人称)/could/might have ＋动词过去分词。
If he __________ more carefully, he ________________ the car accident yesterday.
答案：
had driven，would not have had
If I ________ how to swim, I __________________ trapped in this island.
答案：
had learnt，would not have been
PRACTICE 2: Fill in the blanks.
a. If Tom ________ (be) more careful in the exam, he ________________ (pass) it already.
b. If you _______ (get) up earlier, you ________________ (catch) the first train.
c. If I _______ (meet) you yesterday, we ______________ (go) to the concert together.
答案：
had been，would have passed，had got，would have caught，had met，would have gone
3. 与将来事实相反
从句的谓语用If I (we, you, he, they) ＋动词过去式或 were to do 或should do 形式, 主句谓语用should(第一人称) /would (第二、三人称) /could/ might ＋动词原形。
If he got up early, he would be on time.
假如他来了, 我们对他说什么呢？
If he were to come, what should we say to him？(白板上此处标点有误)
假如他看见我, 就会认识我。
If he should see me, he would know me.
PRACTICE 3: Fill in the blanks
a. If there ________ (be) no natural resource any more, we ___________ (make) use of nuclear power.
b. What ____________ (happen) if you ____________ (get up) too late tomorrow？
c. If Robots _____________ (control) the world some day, there ________ (be) no friendship.
答案：
should be，should make，would happen，should get up，were to control，would be
混合条件句
主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间, 这时主从句位于动词的虚拟语气形式因时间不同而不同, 这叫做混合条件句。
例句中从句与过去事实相反, 主句与现在事实相反。
If you had asked him yesterday, you would know what to do now.
If the staff had been more careful,
the mall would not be on fire now.
一、虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的用法。
二、虚拟语气在宾语从句中的用法
1. 在动词wish后的宾语从句中, 表示与现在或过去的事实相反, 或对将来的主观愿望, 从句通常省略连词that。
1) 表示对现在情况的虚拟: 从句动词用过去式或过去进行式 (be动词一般用were) 。
I wish I were as tall as you.
I wish every day were my birthday.
(2) 表示对过去情况的虚拟:从句动词常用“had＋过去分词”。
The party was terrible, I wish I had never gone to it.
(3) 表示对将来的主观愿望: 从句动词形式为 “ would＋动词原形”。
但愿你立刻来。
I wish you would come soon.
I wish it would rain tomorrow.
as if/as though
由as if (as though) 或as though (even though)（白板上此处有误） 引导的状语从句表示比较或方式时, 从句谓语形式为动词的过去式(be用were)或 “had＋过去分词”。
He behaves as if he owned the house.
(But he doesn’t own it or probably doesn’t own it or we don’t know whether he owns it or not.)
She talks about Rome as though she had been there himself.
他那样对待我, 好像我是陌生人似的。
He treats me as if I were a stranger.
Even if she were here, she could not solve the problem.
注意: 如果表示的事情可能会发生, 那么方式状语从句中的谓语动词可用陈述语气。
It is time that we should study English well.
=It is time that we studied English well.
It is impossible that we should study English in one week.
would rather sb. did sth.(和现在将来事实相反)
would rathe sb. had done sth.(和过去事实相反)
I would rather I were sleeping now.
I would rather it rained tomorrow.
表示命令，要求，建议等含义的动词如:suggest ,order，insist，require，demand的宾语从句要用虚拟语气.
The teacher suggested that I (should ) sleep early at night.
This suggestion that we (should) study English well is accepted by us.
Homework
Practice
翻译下列句子
1. 我要是你的话, 我就会把英语学好。
2. 如果你昨天来, 你就会看见他。
3. 万一明天下雨, 我们就不到那儿去。
4. 我希望我十年前认识他。
5. 他对待我就像对待他自己的儿子一样。
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